Moral Dilemma in History The Atom Bomb - 708 Words

On August 6, 1945, the B-27 superfortress, the Enola Gay, dropped the first atomic weapon on Hiroshima. Two days later, the B-29 bomber, the Bockscar, dropped the second and final atomic bomb on Nagasaki. Japan surrendered days later on September 2nd, 1945. Since the days of the bombings, there has been much debate about whether use of the the atomic bombs was even necessary to end the war. Even President Truman and Secretary of War Henry Stimson grappled with its necessity even after they authorized its use on Hiroshima and Nagasaki! There are also claims that Truman had other viable alternatives to the bomb that may have prevented the unprecedented destruction wrought by the bomb. Despite the other alternatives, which included continual conventional bombing of Japan and a land invasion, the bomb was the least bloody alternative to end World War II. The atom bomb was the least immoral option Truman had because it was also the least bloody. His only other alternatives were as follows: the land invasion of Japan and continual conventional bombing of Japan. According to Michael Barnes’s Arguments Supporting the Bomb, Allied forces had put a blockade on Japan, which caused food shortages and fuel shortages all over the country. The military also encouraged citizens to kill themselves much like how the people on Iwo Jima and Okinawa did. Japanese professor stated â€Å"I couldnt have survived another month. If the military had its way, we would have fought until all 80 millionShow MoreRelatedThe War Of The World War II1454 Words   |  6 PagesFrom 1939 to 1945, the deadliest and most destructive war in history, known as World War II, was in full motion. Prior to the war, the economy was very poor in both the U.S. as well as Germany with unemployment at an all-time high due to inflation. During this time Hitler was persist ant in occupying Europe and eventually taking over the world, forcing surrounding countries to step in and stop this insane man. Countries that opposed Hitler and his beliefs, like America, France, and Britain were partRead More Nuclear Power and Testing Essay examples2337 Words   |  10 PagesNuclear Power and Testing With the development of nuclear power came a heavy moral debate between scientists and politicians. The government chose to protect its national security and engage in an â€Å"arms race,† rather than protecting its citizens. The nuclear testing between 1951-1962 exposed thousands of Utah, Arizona, and Nevada residents (â€Å"Downwinders†) to nuclear fallout, resulting in genetic defects, leukemia, and cancer in many of the fallout’s victims. 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Human Computer Interaction Free Essays

This system will allow a user to directly pay for their food with a queue number that is created by the system. We created a system that is easy to be understood by the user and is more practical to use. Ill. We will write a custom essay sample on Human Computer Interaction or any similar topic only for you Order Now We made this assignment with a few stages, as follows: First: The user must choose what language will be used to select the food in our restaurant, we provide two languages are English and Indonesian. After selecting the engage the user can choose a Vegetarian menu or Non Vegetarian menu. Then if the customer chose the Vegetarian menu Vegetarian menu list will be displayed, as well as for Non Vegetarian menu. Second: Users only need to choose the desired food and beverages. After the costumer have chosen their desired food, the list of names and food prices will be displayed on payout table on the left screen. If the user wants to change the food menu to be ordered then select the name of the food that want canceled then press the symbol on the right price. Third: If the list of foods that ordered the user is correct press the â€Å"ORDER†, then select payment by cash or credit card. After completion of the selection of the payment method, the user selects the â€Å"K† and the memorandum of the payment will come out automatically. From the stage we give the conclusion that this view has the initial appearance, vegetarian and non-vegetarian menu and a menu of payment and this will make the user or customer order food easily and is equipped with a menu display â€Å"HELP† which will help users who are confused using the drive-thru this. How to cite Human Computer Interaction, Papers

Homosexuality (2381 words) Essay Example For Students

Homosexuality (2381 words) Essay HomosexualityThe origins of human sexuality and homosexuality in particular have puzzledphilosophers, theologians and ordinary people for thousands of years. In scattercultures, homosexuals have been regarded as a normal part of life, however, samesex attraction to most cultures have been treated as an unforgivable sin or aterrible crime. Many psychologists and psychiatrist had attempted to treatand counsel the homosexuals. In our social norm, male attracts to female andfemale attracts to male. To everyone this is a natural and biological urge. However, there is a significant minority who attracts to their own sex. Itsabout five percent of the population in the world. There are many opposingviewpoints of whether it derives from variation in our genes or our physiology,from the intricacies of our personal history or from convergence of these? Is itfor that matter a choice rather than a compulsion? Chances are no one factor orstudy can alone explicate and clarify the human sexual orientation. However,there are evidences that prove being gay is not a choice. The nature ofhomosexuality primarily comes from ones biological sexual orientation and theenvironment is just a source to bring forth or repress the behavior Manyresearchers and scientists have long search for the distinguishable brainstructures, the biochemistry in the human brains to differentiate thedifferences to classify between the two obvious sexes we now have in oursociety, male and female. Such sex differentiation of the brains structure iscalled sexual dimorphism . . (LeVay/ Hamer 22) The first significant observationof sexual dimorphism performed in an animal laboratory. Roger A. Gorski, aprofessor at University of California, Los Angeles, conducted an experiment onrats. In 1978, Gorski examined the rats hypothalamus, a region at the base ofits brain that is involved in instinctive behaviors and regulation ofmetabolism. He discovered there is a group on front of the hypothalamus isseveral times larger in millimeter of the male rats compared to the female rats. The cell group is very small but it could be easily observed on a stained slicewhen being viewed under a microscope. More interestingly, Gorskis findingapplied to the sexual orientation between males and females. That particulargroup of cell is known as the medial preoptic are has been involved in thesexual behaviors typically displayed in males. For instance, if there is a malerat has a injury medial preoptic area, he apparently couldnt indifferent tosex with another female. From the study of Gorski and his co-workers, we nowknow the androgen is the typical male hormone and the estrogen is the femalehormone played a major role in bring about dimorphism during the fetusdevelopment. (LeVay/Hamer 23) Another finding also involved with Gorski and hiscolleagues at U.C.L.A, especially with his student, Dr. Laura S. Allen. Theyalso found the dimorphic structure in the human brain. A cell group named INAH3,shorten for the third interstitial nucleus of the anterior hypothalamus, in themedial preoptic region of the hypothalamus is about three times larger in menthat in women. (LeVay/Hamer 23) Animal studies make available a good deal ofevidence for biological basis of disease, but in this case, sexual orientation. Through a careful exploitation of hormone level on rats, Gorski as been able toproduce male rodents that demonstrate feminine behavior and injected into thefemale fetus that develop with the male fetus and it appear to be masculinebecause of the male testosterone. They also look and act more like males. Inaddition, they are less attractive to male mice (Gorman 60) Related to Gorskiand Allens study, Simon LeVay, a British biologist and neurologist at SanDiego Salk Institute, who is also gay, performed another study for BiologicalStudies, in 1990. LeVay decided to check whether INAH3 or some other cell groupin the medial preoptic area varies in size with sexual orientation as well aswith sex. LeVay conducted an experiment on the hypothalamus in autopsy specimensfrom nineteen homosexual men, all of whom died of AIDS and sixteen heterosexualmen, six of whom had also died of complication of AIDS. After encoding thespecimens to eliminate all the bias that could skew the outcome. LeVay care fullysliced the hypothalamus into serial slices. He measured their cross-sectionalareas and their thickness under a microscope. LeVay has concluded the sexuallydimorphic nucleus INAH3 were significantly larger than of female and smaller inmale homosexuals than in straight men and similar in size to the nucleus offemale. In some gay men, this group altogether nonexistent; this isstatistically proven in 1 in 1000 gay men. LeVay hypothesized that this is abiological factor and possibly genetically based has influenced in the brains ofhomosexuals to become feminized. (LeVay/Hamer 25) William Byne, a psychiatristat Mount Sinai Medical Center decided to challenge and test LeVays finding. Byne compared the brains of nineteen heterosexual men and seven women and foundthe male nuclei were larger, as LeVay had initiated. Byne came up with severalarguments that other factors could also influenced the cause of homosexualitybut chosen not to publish his result until he can rule out all the possibilitiesthat could contradict his argument. He is also collecting numerous human brainsfor a comparison of gay and straight males. (Horgan 26) There are manyconservatives who disapprove of homosexuality and have the intense hostilitywith the concept of gay gene and have traditionally argued against it. Butthis is because those conservatives do not understand the implications that liebehind the gay gene. Homosexuality is life left-handedness. Its neitherchosen nor a psychological illness. Since the homosexuality exposed and became acontroversial issue in United States in the last three decades, manyconservatives argue, Homosexuality is a chose lifestyle, like vegetarian. Teen Suicide EssayAnother example is Type 1 diabetes; this disease has only 30% active, so inanother word, you could only have 30% chance of this gene will become activate. Therefore two identical brothers could have share the same gene for diabetes butone might develop it and one might not. The activeness of the gay gene is only50%, for that reason, some twins do not share the same sexual orientation unlessthere is something that triggers those alleles to activate. There are traitsthat emerge at the different time of life, some at the beginning and others thatemerge later on in time. (Kangas 20) Another explanation is after the fertilizedegg separated into two individuals. The DNA sequence might have a few changesand that could lead to the personality as well as the sexual orientationdifferences. This has not been proven, but it could be one of the possibilitiesof why identical twins do not have 100% chance of being gay. Bailey andPillard say their research indicates that male sexual orientation issubstantially genetic. Research on social factors has proven fruitless,with no evidence that parental behavior or even parents homosexuality affectsthe chil drens sexual orientation. (Pillard 32) Applying the homosexuality tothe gene concept, New York psychiatrist Kenneth Paul Rosenberg believes that we,as people, should be more open-minded to the study of homosexuality because itcould help to fight for gay and lesbian rights in this society. Hopefully italso could decrease an escalating hate crime rate and the discrimination towardhomosexuals.(Horgan) Like any genetic research, finding the gene sequence istime consuming and expensive. The finding of Huntingtons disease took about adecade and cost millions of dollars. What are the advantages of the studysoutcomes and who will be effects by it? Human sexual orientation is no ordinarytopic or study. Its at the center of a fierce debate involving politics, thelaw, religion, ethics and the origins and meaning of human behavior. Many legalexperts felt the evidence for a genetic link to homosexuality would strengthensthe evidence for immutability and therefore cause tighter scrutiny of laws t hatpermitted discrimination against gays and lesbians in housing, employment, orparticipation in the political process. Others, though, argued that immutabilitywas a red herring and that the real issue was equal protection, not biology. There were also ethical, medical and economic issues involved as well. Althoughscientists did not provide any test for the still hypothetical gay gene but weare heading in that direction. If such test were developed, might parents decideto screen the fetus for homosexuality, just as they do for Down syndrome andother genetic defects? Would some doctors regard homosexuality as a geneticdefect that should be cured and weeded out of the population? Would insurancecompanies charge men with the gay gene more on coverage or refuse to serve thembecause they have a higher risk of AIDS faced by gay men? These are questionsthat worried many people. In addition, homosexuals are frequently the targetsof discrimination and violence. The treat of violence and discrimination is anobstacle to lesbian and gay peoples development. In a 1989 national survey,5% of the gay men and 10% of the lesbians reported physical abuse and/orassault47% report some form of discrimination over their lifetime. Otherres earch has show similarly high rates of discrimination or violence towardhomosexuals (Yahoo.com, APA Q;A) Personally I do hope the genetic surgerywill reveal the true nature of homosexual and find the right loci of the gaygene in the near future. Optimistically with finding of the biologicalinfluences on the gay gene can help to eliminate the discrimination and theescalating hate crimes rate toward the homosexuals. Homosexuals are normalpeople like the heterosexuals. They have feelings and their sexual orientationof attracting the same sex is innate. They have no control over this destiny. Counseling, therapy or the environment cant change this so since we cantconvert this then why dont we accept this and give those homosexuals all therespects and rights that they deserve like any other heterosexuals. BibliographyAPA Public Communication. *http://www.apa.org/pubinfo/orient.html. * ?Begley S.; Hager M. (July 26, 1993) Newsweek. Vol. 122 Issue 4 Does DNA MakeSome Men Gay? P59 2/3p, 1c ? Burr C. (Dec 16, 1996) Weekly Standard. SupposeThere Is a Gay Gene What Then? P 22-26 ? John, H. (Nov 95). ScientificAmerican, Vol. 273 Issue 5, Gay Genes, Revisited p26, 5/6p, 1c ? Kangas S. (1999) Homosexuality Is Biologically Determined. Homosexuality: OpposingViewpoints. Mary E. Williams, Greenhaven Press. 17-21 ? Gorman, C. (Sept 9,1991) Time Magazine. Are Gay Men Born that Way? P 60-61 ? Pillard R. (1999) TheCauses of Homosexuality Are Probably Genetic. Homosexuality: OpposingViewpoints. Mary E. Williams, Greenhaven Press. 27-34